专业词汇|Metal Terminology (V-Z)金属术语V-Z

metal Terminology^{1 V}

VACUUM DEGASSING

VANADIUM
- Element No. 23 of the periodic system; atomic weight 50.95. Gray-white, hard metal, unaffected by atmospheric^{2 influences or alkalies but soluble3 in most strong acids; melting point 31190癋.; boiling point about 61500癋.; specific gravity 5.87. It cannot be electrodeposited. Its principal functions as an alloy4 in the making of tool steels. Elevates coarsening temperature of austenite . Increases hardenability . Resists tempering and causes marked secondary hardening.}

VIBRATED WOUND

VIBRATOR REED STEEL
Hardened, temper and white polished extra precision rolled. Carbon content about 1.00%. Steel must withstand great fatigue^{5 stresses.}

VICKERS HARDNESS
Standard method for measuring the hardness of metals, particularly those with extremely hard surfaces: the surface is subjected to a standard pressure for a standard length of time by means of a pyramid-shaped diamond. The diagonal of the resulting indention is measured under a microscope and the Vickers Hardness value read from a conversion^{6 table.}

VIRGIN^{7 metaL
metal obtained directly from ore and not used before.}

metal Terminology W

WMB, WHB and EXTRA WHB GRADES
Spring steel wires produced from acid open-hearth steels .

WASTERS
Sheets that have prohibited defects, for example seams and buckled^{8 plates. Generally fit for re-melting purposes only.}

WATCH M人工智能N SPRING STEEL
Usually supplied cold rolled and annealed in large widths and cut and hardened by the spring manufacturers. Carbon content about 1.15% and Tungsten .17%, extra precision rolled.

WATER HARDENING
Process of hardening high carbon steels by quenching^{9 in water or brine after heating.}

WAVY
Not flat. A slight wave following the direction of rolling and beyond the standard limitation for flatness.

WEDGE
A hardwood stick used as a forming tool in spinning.

WELDING
A process used to join metals by the application of heat. Fusion^{10 welding, which includes gas, arc, and resistance welding, requires that the parent metals be melted. This distinguishes fusion welding from brazing. In pressure welding joining is accomplished11 by the use of heat and pressure without melting. The parts that are being welded are pressed together and heated simultaneously12, so that recrystalization occurs across the interface13.}

WORK HARDENING
Increase in resistant^{14 to deformation15 produced by cold working.}

WORKABILITY
The characteristic or group of characteristic that determines the ease of forming a metal into desired shapes.

WORMS

WROUGHT^{16 IRON
Iron containing only a very small amount of other elements, but containing 1-3% by weight of slag17 in the form of particles elongated18 in one direction, giving the iron a characteristic grain. Is more rust-resistant than steel and welds more easily.}

metal Terminology X

X-RAYS
Light rays, excited usually by the impact of cathode rays on matter, which have wave lengths between about 10-6 cm, and 10-9 cm; also written X-rays, same as Roentgen rays.

metal Terminology Y

YIELD POINT
The load per unit of original cross section at which, in soft steel, a marked increase in deformation occurs without increase in load.

YIELD STRENGTH
The stress at which the metal changes from elastic^{19 to plastic in behavior, i.e., takes a permanent set.}

YOUNGS MODULUS
The coefficient of elasticity^{20 of stretching. For a stretched wire, Youngs Modulus is the ratio of stretching force per unit cross-sectional area to the elongation per unit length. The values of Youngs Modulus for metals are of the order 10 12 dynes per square cm.}

metal Terminology Z

ZINC<sup>21
- Element No. 30 of the periodic system. Atomic weight 65.38. Blue-white metal; when pure, malleable22 and ductile23 even at ordinary temperatures; melting point 7870癋., boiling point 16650癋., specific gravity 7.14. It can be electrodeposited and is used extensively as a coating for steel and sheet. Zinc finds many outlets24, such as dry batteries, etc. Zinc-base alloys25 are of great importance in die casting. Its most important alloy is brass26.</sup>

ZIRCONIUM
- Element No. 40 of the periodic system. Atomic weight 91.22. Specific gravity 6.5 and melting point at about 3200?+/- 1300癋. Because of its great affinity^{27 for oxygen and combines readily with nitrogen and sulfur28, it is used as a deoxidizer and scavenger29 in steel making. It is used as an alloy with nickel for cutting tools and is used in copper alloys}